|  Allergies过敏
This probably isn’t the first time you’ve heard of them. 这可能是不是第一次了，你听说过他们。 Allergies are so common 20% of Americans have some kind of allergic reaction or another to certain external stimuli whether food, water, or air. 过敏是如此常见的20 ％的美国人有某种过敏反应或其他某些外在刺激是否有食物，水，或空气。 But what are allergies? 但什么是过敏？ And why do we get them? 为什么我们得到他们呢？
Allergies (Type I Hypersensitivity) are actually a malfunction of our immune system so that our body becomes hypersensitized and reacts immunologically to typically non-immunogenic substances. 过敏（ I型过敏症） ，其实是故障我们的免疫系统，使我们的身体成为hypersensitized和免疫反应，以典型的非免疫原性物质。 The substances that cause our bodies to become this way are called allergens. 物质导致我们的身体成为这种方式被称为过敏原。
In 1906, Viennese pediatrician, Clemens von Pirquet, first coined the term “allergies” after he observed that certain symptoms of his patients might have been a response to outside allergens, like dust, pollen, or certain foods. 在1906年，维也纳小儿科，克莱门斯冯皮尔凯，首先创造了“过敏”后，他指出，某些症状的病人，他可能已作出回应外界的过敏原，如灰尘，花粉，或某些食物。
Signs and Symptoms 症状和体征
You know your allergies are starting up again if you experience swelling in parts of your body. 您知道您的过敏原正开始再次如果您的经验，肿胀的部分，您的身体。 This is called local or systemic inflammatory response, caused by the presence of allergens. 这就是所谓的本地或全身性炎症反应，引起在场的过敏原。 For instance, if your allergies affect you in the nose, you will experience swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis). 例如，如果您的过敏影响你的鼻子，你会的经验，肿胀的鼻粘膜（过敏性鼻炎） 。 During this condition, you will probably find yourself performing the “nasal salute” more than necessary as itching of your nose will induce you to wipe your nose in an upward direction. 在这种情况下，你可能会发现自己表演的“鼻致敬”多于必要的，因为痒你的鼻子会诱使你，消灭你的鼻子在向上的方向。
On the other hand, if the allergies hit you in the eyes, redness and itching of the conjunctiva often follows. 在另一方面，如果过敏，打你在眼睛，发红和发痒的结膜往往如下。 Other common signs of allergies are wheezing and dyspnoea, bronchoconstriction, and sometimes outright attacks of asthma. 其他常见的迹象，过敏气喘及呼吸困难， bronchoconstriction ，有时买断卖断的攻击性哮喘。 You may also experience various rashes, such as eczema, hives, and contact dermatitis. 你也可能会遇到各种皮疹，如湿疹，荨麻疹，接触性皮炎。
Systemic allergic responses are more serious compared to local symptoms. 全身过敏性反应，更严重的相比，当地的征状。 Depending on the severity of your response, allergies can cause cutaenous reactions, bronchoconstriction, edema, hypotension, coma, and even death. 视乎有关的严重性，您的反应，过敏可导致cutaenous反应， bronchoconstriction ，水肿，低血压，昏迷，甚至死亡。
Hay fever is actually one example of minor allergies caused by airborne pollen. 花粉症，其实是一个例子，轻微过敏所造成的空气中的花粉。 But aside from environmental factors, allergies may also be triggered by medications. 但除了环境因素，过敏，也可能引发的药物。
Why do we get allergies? 为什么我们得到过敏？
Our immune system is a well-trained and disciplined bio-weapon that protects our bodies from harmful substances. 我们的免疫系统是一支训练有素和纪律严明的生物武器，保护我们的身体从有害物质。 Its mechanics is so amazing that it can identify and destroy many foreign invaders. 其力学是如此惊人的，它可以识别并摧毁许多外国侵略者。 However, as amazing as our immune system is, it makes mistakes sometimes. 不过，由于惊人的，因为我们的免疫系统，它会犯错误，有时。 And so we have allergies, which, as we mentioned, results from a hypersensitive immune system. 所以我们有过敏，其中，正如我们所说，结果从一个过敏症的免疫系统。
The hypersensitized immune system misidentifies an otherwise innocuous substance as harmful, and then attacks the substance with a degree of ferocity that is greater than required. 该hypersensitized免疫系统misidentifies 1 ，否则无害的物质作为有害的，然后攻击的实质内容与某种程度的猛烈程度是大于所需。 As a result, we experience problems that can range from mildly inconvenient to uncomfortable to total failure of major organs of the body. 因此，我们的经验的问题，范围可从轻度不方便不舒服的彻底失败主要机关的尸体。
How does the immune system go into a hypersensitized state? 请问免疫系统进入hypersensitized国家？
There are actually several ideas on this. 有一些想法，其实这一点。 Some schools premise that allergies are almost always triggered by protein. 一些学校的前提是过敏几乎总是引发的蛋白质。 Certain persons have faulty genetic codes so that their lymphocytes or the white blood cells (the stuff that your immune system is made of) are unable to property distinguish between the threatening and the non-threatening proteins. 某些人有错误的遗传密码，使他们的淋巴细胞或白血细胞（东西，你的免疫系统作出的）是无法区分财产的威胁和不具威胁性的蛋白质。
So, for example, when you ingest protein from shellfish, your lymphocytes think that the substance is trying to invade the body. 因此，举例来说，当您摄取蛋白质的贝壳类海产，您认为淋巴细胞的实质是试图入侵人体。 As a result, they produce large amounts of antibodies which attach themselves to mast cells and basophils throughout the body. 因此，它们产生大量的抗体，其中自行附加肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的整个身体。 This is known as the sensitizing exposure and this is the very reason why you suddenly develop allergies. 这也是众所周知的所谓敏感暴露，这是非常的原因，你突然发展过敏。
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